1. Basic Product Information
Product Name Benzaldehyde
CAS Number 100-52-7
EINECS 202-860-4
Synonyms：Benzoic aldehyde; Phenylmethanal; Artificial bitter almond oil; FEMA 2127
Molecular Formula C₇H₆O
Molecular Weight 106.12FEMA No. 2127
MDL No. MFCD00003299
Commercial benzaldehyde is mainly produced by two routes:
Toluene liquid-phase catalytic oxidation (chlorine-free grade, preferred for flavor & pharma). Toluene is oxidized by air under cobalt/manganese catalyst with controlled conversion to avoid over-oxidation to benzoic acid, by rectification.
Toluene side-chain chlorination then hydrolysis (traditional route, trace organochlorine may exist). Toluene is photochlorinated to benzal chloride, then hydrolyzed and purified by steam distillation and vacuum distillation.
2. Chemphysical Properties
Appearance Colorless to pale yellow clear liquid
Odor Characteristic bitter almond odor
Density (20℃) 1.041~1.046 g/mL
Refractive Index (20℃) 1.544~1.546
Melting Point -26 ℃
Boiling Point 178~179 ℃
Flash Point (Closed Cup) 64 ℃
Solubility Slightly soluble in water; miscible with ethanol, ether, benzene and most organic solvents
Vapor Pressure 0.13 kPa at 26 ℃
Stability Easily oxidized by air to benzoic acid, light-sensitive
3. Quality Specification
| Test Item | Specification | Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow clear liquid | Visual Inspection |
| Odor | Characteristic bitter almond odor | Organoleptic Test |
| Purity (GC) | ≥99.50% | GC-FID |
| Water Content | ≤0.10% | Karl Fischer Titration |
| Acid Value (as Benzoic Acid) | ≤0.20% | Acid-base Titration |
| Color (Pt-Co) | ≤20 | Colorimeter |
| Chlorinated Compounds | Not Detected | GC-MS |
| Relative Density (20℃) | 1.041 ~ 1.046 | Density Meter |
| Refractive Index (20℃) | 1.544 ~ 1.546 | Refractometer |
4. Application & Use
Flavor & fragrance industry: core raw material for almond, cherry and berry flavors (FEMA 2127).
Pharmaceutical intermediate: used for synthesis of antibiotics, antihistamines and other fine chemicals.
Organic synthesis: raw material for dyes, resins, plastic additives.
Solvent for some cellulose derivatives.
Important Note: Easily oxidized during storage, should be protected from air and light.
5. Packing
200kg/plastic drum,16mt (80drum) /20''container
6. Storage & Transportation
Store in cool, dark, well-ventilated warehouse, tightly sealed, away from light, heat, oxidants and strong acids.
UN1990, Class 9, Packing Group III. Avoid direct sunlight and rain during transit.
Shelf life: 12 months under proper sealed storage.
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